Central Retinal Vein Occlusion

Sohan Singh Hayreh, MD, MS, PhD, DSc, FRCS, FRCOphth

Professor Emeritus of Ophthalmology
Ocular Vascular Clinic
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences

The University of Iowa
Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine
Iowa City, Iowa

CONTENTS

• Types of Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
• Relative Incidence of Ischemic vs Non-Ischemic CRVO
• Criteria to Differentiate Ischemic from Non-Ischemic CRVO
  • Functional Tests
    • Visual Acuity
    • Peripheral Visual Fields (fig. 1)
    • Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect (figs. 2-3)
    • Electroretinography
  • Morphological Tests
    • Ophthalmoscopy (figs. 4-6)
    • Fundus Fluorescein Angiography (figs. 7-11)
  • Conclusions (fig. 12)
• Complications of CRVO
  • Non-Ischemic CRVO (fig. 13-14)
  • Ischemic CRVO (fig. 15)
• Natural history of CRVO
• Management of CRVO
  • A. Medical Treatments
    • Anticoagulants and Antiplatelet Agents
    • Hemodilution
    • Systemic Corticosteroids
    • Intravitreal Corticosteroids
    • Systemic Acetazolamide (Diamox)
    • Ocular Hypotensive Therapy
  • B. Surgical or Invasive Treatments
    • Fibrinolytic or Thrombolytic Agents
    • Surgical Decompression of CRV
    • Laser-induced chorioretinal anastomosis for non-ischemic CRVO
  • C. Photocoagulation Treatment (figs. 16-17)
    • Non-Ischemic CRVO
    • Ischemic CRVO
• Our Management Regimen of Ischemic CRVO
• Overall Conclusions on Management of CRVO
• Answers to Frequently Asked Questions about CRVO
• Bibliography

Initially posted 1996, Revised July 1999, Revised December 2000
Revised and expanded March 2003