University of Iowa Health Care

Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences

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References for AION

1. Singh (Hayreh) S, Dass R (1960) The central artery of the retina. I. Origin and course. The British journal of ophthalmology 44: 193-212

2. Singh (Hayreh) S, Dass R (1960) The central artery of the retina. II. A study of its distribution and anastomoses. The British journal of ophthalmology 44: 280-299

3. Hayreh SS (1962) The Ophthalmic Artery: III. Branches. The British journal of ophthalmology 46: 212-247

4. Hayreh SS (1963) The blood supply and vascular disorders of the optic nerve. An Inst Barraquer 4: 7-109

5. Hayreh SS (1963) The Central Artery of the Retina. Its Role in the Blood Supply of the Optic Nerve. The British journal of ophthalmology 47: 651-663

6. Hayreh SS (1969) Blood supply of the optic nerve head and its role in optic atrophy, glaucoma, and oedema of the optic disc. The British journal of ophthalmology 53: 721-748

7. Hayreh SS, Baines JA (1972) Occlusion of the posterior ciliary artery. 3. Effects on the optic nerve head. The British journal of ophthalmology 56: 754-764

8. Hayreh SS (1974) Anatomy and physiology of the optic nerve head. Transactions - American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology 78: OP240-254

9. Hayreh SS (1974) Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy. I. Terminology and pathogenesis. The British journal of ophthalmology 58: 955-963

10. Hayreh SS (1974) Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy. II. Fundus on ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein angiography. The British journal of ophthalmology 58: 964-980

11. Hayreh SS (1974) Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy. III. Treatment, prophylaxis, and differential diagnosis. The British journal of ophthalmology 58: 981-989

12. Hayreh SS (1974) Pathogenesis of cupping of the optic disc. The British journal of ophthalmology 58: 863-876

13. Hayreh SS (1975) Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg

14. Hayreh SS (1977) Optic disc edema in raised intracranial pressure. V. Pathogenesis. Archives of ophthalmology 95: 1553-1565

15. Hayreh SS (1977) Optic disc edema in raised intracranial pressure. VI. Associated visual disturbances and their pathogenesis. Archives of ophthalmology 95: 1566-1579

16. Hayreh SS (1978) Fluids in the anterior part of the optic nerve in health and disease. Survey of Ophthalmology 23: 1-25

17. Hayreh SS (1978) Ischemic optic neuropathy. International Ophthalmology 1: 9-18

18. Hayreh SS (1978) Structure and blood supply of the optic nerve. In: Heilmann K, Richardson KT (eds) Glaucoma: Conceptions of a Disease Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Thieme, Stuttgart, pp. 78-96.

19. Hayreh SS, Podhajsky PA (1979) Visual field defects in anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Documenta Ophthalmologica Proceedings Series 19: 53-71

20. Hayreh SS (1980) Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. IV. Occurrence after cataract extraction. Archives of ophthalmology 98: 1410-1416

21. Hayreh SS (1981) Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Archives of Neurology 38: 675-678

22. Hayreh SS (1981) Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. V. Optic disc edema an early sign. Archives of ophthalmology 99: 1030-1040

23. Hayreh SS, Zahoruk RM (1981) Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. VI. In juvenile diabetics. Ophthalmologica 182: 13-28

24. Hayreh SS (1981) Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Ophthalmologica 182: 29-41

25. Hayreh SS (1985) Inter-individual variation in blood supply of the optic nerve head. Its importance in various ischemic disorders of the optic nerve head, and glaucoma, low-tension glaucoma and allied disorders. Documenta ophthalmologica 59: 217-246

26. Hayreh SS (1986) Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Japanese Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology 40: 581-587

27. Hayreh SS, Servais GE, Virdi PS (1986) Fundus lesions in malignant hypertension. V. Hypertensive optic neuropathy. Ophthalmology 93: 74-87

28. Hayreh SS (1987) Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. VIII. Clinical features and pathogenesis of post-hemorrhagic amaurosis. Ophthalmology 94: 1488-1502

29. Hayreh SS (1990) Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy. Differentiation of arteritic from non-arteritic type and its management. Eye (London, England) 4: 25-41

30. Hayreh SS (1990) In vivo choroidal circulation and its watershed zones. Eye (London, England) 4: 273-289

31. Hayreh SS (1990) The role of optic nerve sheath fenestration in management of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Archives of ophthalmology 108: 1063-1065

32. Hayreh SS (1991) Ophthalmic features of giant cell arteritis. Baillieres Clinical Rheumatology 5: 431-459

33. Hayreh SS, Zimmerman MB, Podhajsky P, Alward WL (1994) Nocturnal arterial hypotension and its role in optic nerve head and ocular ischemic disorders. American journal of ophthalmology 117: 603-624

34. Hayreh SS, Joos KM, Podhajsky PA, Long CR (1994) Systemic diseases associated with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. American journal of ophthalmology 118: 766-780

35. Hayreh SS (1995) The 1994 Von Sallman Lecture. The optic nerve head circulation in health and disease. Experimental eye research 61: 259-272

36. Hayreh SS (1996) Acute ischemic disorders of the optic nerve: pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and management. Ophthalmology Clinics of North America 9: 407-442

37. Hayreh SS (1996) Anteriore ischamische Optikusneuropathie. Stellenwert der nachtlichen arteriellen Hypotonie. [Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: Role of nocturnal arterial hypotension]. Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde 208: aA12-17

38. Hayreh SS (1996) Duke-elder lecture. Systemic arterial blood pressure and the eye. Eye (London, England) 10: 5-28

39. Hayreh SS (1997) Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Clinical neuroscience 4: 251-263

40. Hayreh SS, Podhajsky PA, Raman R, Zimmerman B (1997) Giant cell arteritis: validity and reliability of various diagnostic criteria. American journal of ophthalmology 123: 285-296

41. Hayreh SS, Podhajsky PA, Zimmerman B (1997) Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: time of onset of visual loss. American journal of ophthalmology 124: 641-647

42. Hayreh SS, Podhajsky PA, Zimmerman B (1998) Occult giant cell arteritis: ocular manifestations. American journal of ophthalmology 125: 521-526

43. Hayreh SS, Podhajsky PA, Zimmerman B (1998) Ocular manifestations of giant cell arteritis. American journal of ophthalmology 125: 509-520

44. Hayreh SS, Podhajsky P, Zimmerman MB (1999) Beta-blocker eyedrops and nocturnal arterial hypotension. American journal of ophthalmology 128: 301-309

45. Hayreh SS (1999) Retinal and optic nerve head ischemic disorders and atherosclerosis: role of serotonin. Progress in retinal and eye research 18: 191-221

46. Hayreh SS, Podhajsky P, Zimmerman MB (1999) Role of nocturnal arterial hypotension in optic nerve head ischemic disorders. Ophthalmologica  213: 76-96

47. Hayreh SS (1999) Role of nocturnal arterial hypotension in the development of ocular manifestations of systemic arterial hypertension. Current opinion in ophthalmology 10: 474-482

48. Hayreh SS (2000) Does Levodopa improve visual function in NAION? Ophthalmology 107: 1434-1438

49. Hayreh SS (2000) Ischaemic optic neuropathy. Indian journal of ophthalmology 48: 171-194

50. Hayreh SS (2000) Steroid therapy for visual loss in patients with giant-cell arteritis. Lancet 355: 1572-1573

51. Hayreh SS (2001) Blood flow in the optic nerve head and factors that may influence it. Progress in retinal and eye research 20: 595-624

52. Hayreh SS (2001) The blood supply of the optic nerve head and the evaluation of it - myth and reality. Progress in retinal and eye research 20: 563-593

53. Hayreh SS, Podhajsky PA, Zimmerman B (2001) Ipsilateral recurrence of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. American journal of ophthalmology 132: 734-742

54. Hayreh SS, Jonas JB (2001) Optic disc morphology after arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Ophthalmology 108: 1586-1594

55. Hayreh SS (2002) Diabetic papillopathy and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Survey of Ophthalmology 47: 600-602

56. Hayreh SS, Zimmerman B, Kardon RH (2002) Visual improvement with corticosteroid therapy in giant cell arteritis. Report of a large study and review of literature. Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica 80: 355-367

57. Hayreh SS (2002) Neuropatías Ópticas Isquémicas. In: Arruga J, Sánchez B (eds) Neuropatías Ópticas: Diagnóstico Y Tratamiento LXXVIII Ponencia Oficial Soc Espãn Oftalmol. Soc Espãn Oftalmol, pp. 207-237.

58. Hayreh SS, Zimmerman B (2003) Management of giant cell arteritis. Our 27-year clinical study: new light on old controversies. Ophthalmologica J 217: 239-259

59. Hayreh SS, Zimmerman B (2003) Visual deterioration in giant cell arteritis patients while on high doses of corticosteroid therapy. Ophthalmology 110: 1204-1215

60. Hayreh SS (2004) Posterior ischaemic optic neuropathy: clinical features, pathogenesis, and management. Eye (London, England) 18: 1188-1206

61. Hayreh SS (2005) Erectile dysfunction drugs and non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: is there a cause and effect relationship? Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology 25: 295-298

62. Hayreh SS, Zimmerman B (2005) Visual field abnormalities in nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: their pattern and prevalence at initial examination. Archives of ophthalmology 123: 1554-1562

63. Hayreh SS (2006) Amiodarone, erectile dysfunction drugs, and non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy. Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology 26: 154-155

64. Hayreh SS, Zimmerman MB (2007) Incipient nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Ophthalmology 114: 1763-1772

65. Hayreh SS, Jonas JB, Zimmerman MB (2007) Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and tobacco smoking. Ophthalmology 114: 804-809

66. Hayreh SS, Zimmerman MB (2007) Optic disc edema in non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Graefes Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 245: 1107-1121

67. Hayreh SS, Fingert JH, Stone E, Jacobson DM (2008) Familial non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Graefes Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 246: 1295-1305

68. Hayreh SS (2008) Intravitreal triamcinolone for nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology 28: 77-78

69. Hayreh SS (2008) Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors. The British journal of ophthalmology 92: 1577-1580

70. Hayreh SS, Zimmerman MB (2008) Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: clinical characteristics in diabetic patients versus nondiabetic patients. Ophthalmology 115: 1818-1825

71. Hayreh SS, Zimmerman MB (2008) Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: Natural history of visual outcome. Ophthalmology 115: 298-305

72. Hayreh SS, Zimmerman MB (2008) Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: refractive error and its relationship to cup/disc ratio. Ophthalmology 115: 2275-2281

73. Hayreh SS, Zimmerman MB (2008) Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: role of systemic corticosteroid therapy. Graefes Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 246: 1029-1046

74. Hayreh SS (2009) Ischemic optic neuropathy. Progress in retinal and eye research 28: 34-62

75. Hayreh SS (2009) Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and thrombophilia. Graefes Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 247: 577-581

76. Hayreh SS (2010)Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: role of systemic corticosteroid therapy. Surv Ophthalmol. 55(4):399-400.

77. Hayreh SS (2009). A Primate Model of Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy [electronic letter].Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. Available from www.iovs.org/cgi/eletters/49/7/2985#7919.

78. Beck RW, Servais GE, Hayreh SS (1987) Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. IX. Cup-to-disc ratio and its role in pathogenesis. Ophthalmology 94: 1503-1508

79. The Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Decompression Trial Research Group (1995) Optic nerve decompression surgery for nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is not effective and may be harmful. JAMA 273: 625-632

80. Beri M, Klugman MR, Kohler JA, Hayreh SS (1987) Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. VII. Incidence of bilaterality and various influencing factors. Ophthalmology 94: 1020-1028

81. Beck RW, Hayreh SS, Podhajsky PA, Tan ES, Moke PS (1997) Aspirin therapy in nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. American journal of ophthalmology 123: 212-217

82. Newman NJ, Scherer R, Langenberg P, Kelman S, Feldon S, Kaufman D, Dickersin K (2002) The fellow eye in NAION: report from the ischemic optic neuropathy decompression trial follow-up study. American journal of ophthalmology 134: 317-328

83. Jonas JB, Spandau UH, Harder B, Sauder G (2007) Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for treatment of acute nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Graefes Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 245: 749-750

84. Bennett JL, Thomas S, Olson JL, Mandava N (2007) Treatment of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy with intravitreal bevacizumab. Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology 27: 238-240

85. Fineman MS, Savino PJ, Federman JL, Eagle RC, Jr. (1996) Branch retinal artery occlusion as the initial sign of giant cell arteritis. American journal of ophthalmology 122: 428-430

86. Costello F, Zimmerman MB, Podhajsky PA, Hayreh SS (2004) Role of thrombocytosis in diagnosis of giant cell arteritis and differentiation of arteritic from non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Eur J Ophthalmology 14: 245-257

87. Kearns TP (1975) Collagen and rheumatic diseases: ophthalmic aspects. In: Mausolf FA (ed) The eye and systemic disease. Mosby, St. Louis, pp. 105-118.

88. Hunder GG, Bloch DA, Michel BA, Stevens MB, Arend WP, Calabrese LH, Edworthy SM, Fauci AS, Leavitt RY, Lie JT, et al. (1990) The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of giant cell arteritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism 33: 1122-1128

89. Salvarani C, Cantini F, Hunder GG (2008) Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant-cell arteritis. Lancet 372: 234-245

90. Isayama Y, Takahashi T, Inoue M, Jimura T (1983) Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy. III. Clinical diagnosis. Ophthalmologica 187: 141-147

91. Sadda SR, Nee M, Miller NR, Biousse V, Newman NJ, Kouzis A (2001) Clinical spectrum of posterior ischemic optic neuropathy. American journal of ophthalmology 132: 743-750

92. Roth S, Barach P (2001) Postoperative visual loss: still no answers--yet. Anesthesiology 95: 575-577

93. Hayreh SS (2009) Management of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Graefes Archives for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 247:1595-1600

94. McLeod D, Marshall J, Kohner EM (1980) Role of axoplasmic transport in the pathophysiology of ischaemic disc swelling. British Journal of Ophthalmology  64:247-261

95. Foulds WS (1970) Visual disturbances in systemic disorders: optic neuropathy and systemic disease. Transactions of the Ophthalmological Society of the United Kingdom 89:125-146

96. Hayreh SS (2010). The role of aspirin in non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy. Neuro-ophthalmology 34:1-5

97. Hayreh SS (2009). Pathogenesis of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Arch Ophthalmol 127(8):1082-1083.

98. Hayreh SS (2010). Role of steroid therapy in nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. . Journal of Neuro-ophthalmology 30(4):388-389.

99. Hayreh SS (2011). Management of ischemic optic neuropathies. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology 59(2):123-136.

100. Hayreh SS (2011). Treatment of non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy. British Journal of Ophthalmology  95(11):1617-1618.

101. Hayreh SS (2012). Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy versus cerebral ischemic stroke. Graefes Archives for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 250(9):1255-1260.

102. Hayreh SS (2013). Ischemic optic neuropathies - where are we now? Graefes Archives for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 251(8):1873-1884.

103. Hayreh SS (2013). Treatment of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy with high-dose systemic corticosteroid therapy. Graefes Archives for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 251(3):1029-1030.

104. Hayreh SS (2015). Re: Parsa et al.: Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION): a misnomer. Rearranging pieces of a puzzle to reveal a nonischemic papillopathy caused by vitreous separation (Ophthalmology 2015;122:439-42). Ophthalmology 122(12):e75-76.

105. Hayreh SS, Zimmerman MB (2013). Bilateral nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: comparison of visual outcome in the two eyes. Journal of Neuro-ophthalmology 33(4):338-343.

106. Hayreh SS, Zimmerman MB (2014). Amaurosis fugax in ocular vascular occlusive disorders: prevalence and pathogeneses. Retina 34(1):115-122.

107. Jonas JB., Hayreh SS, Tao Y, Papastathopoulos KI, Rensch F (2012). Optic nerve head change in non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and its influence on visual outcome. PLoS One 7(5):e37499.

Recent books by Dr. Sohan Singh Hayreh

Hayreh SS (2011). Ischemic Optic Neuropathies: Springer. 456 pages.  ISBN: 978-3642118494

Hayreh SS (2015). Ocular Vascular Occlusive Disorders: Springer. 851 pages.  ISBN: 978-3319127804

last updated: 8/24/2016

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